{"id":12651,"date":"2021-01-27T17:17:02","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T14:17:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/motieka.com\/?p=12651"},"modified":"2026-08-17T16:58:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T13:58:38","slug":"terra-incognita-tarptautiniame-arbitraze-uzantspauduoti-pasiulymai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/motieka.com\/lt\/naujienos\/terra-incognita-tarptautiniame-arbitraze-uzantspauduoti-pasiulymai\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eTerra incognita\u201c tarptautiniame arbitra\u017ee: \u201eu\u017eantspauduoti pasi\u016blymai\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dar prie\u0161 pandemij\u0105 verslo ir teisinink\u0173 bendruomen\u0117 vis daugiau d\u0117mesio skyr\u0117, kad arbitra\u017eo proced\u016bros b\u016bt\u0173 greitesn\u0117s ir veiksmingesn\u0117s. B\u016btent d\u0117l \u0161ios prie\u017easties tarptautiniame arbitra\u017ee atsirado nauja priemon\u0117 \u2013 \u201eU\u017eantspauduoti pasi\u016blymai\u201c (angl. <em>sealed offers<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><em>Sealed offer<\/em> rei\u0161kia vienos arbitra\u017eo \u0161alies pasi\u016blym\u0105 kitai arbitra\u017eo \u0161aliai \u201e<em>without prejudice save as to costs<\/em>\u201c (liet. be prejudicijos, i\u0161skyrus klausimams, susijusiems su patirtomis i\u0161laidomis) sudaryti taikos sutart\u012f \u0161iame pasi\u016blyme nurodytomis s\u0105lygomis ir tvarka.<em> Sealed offer<\/em> teikianti \u0161alis siekia keli\u0173 tiksl\u0173: (i)\u00a0sudaryti taikos sutart\u012f d\u0117l gin\u010do, (ii)\u00a0bandyti perkelti savo patirtas arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laidas kitai \u0161aliai, jei pastaroji neakceptuos <em>sealed offer<\/em> s\u0105lyg\u0173.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160iandien \u0161i\u0105 priemon\u0119 taikyti arbitra\u017ee skatina ICC, kuri savo 2019 m. Prane\u0161ime \u0161alims ir arbitra\u017eo teismams atkreip\u0117 d\u0117mes\u012f, kad<em> sealed offers <\/em>gali b\u016bti naudojami vykstant ir arbitra\u017eo procesui pagal ICC taisykles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kod\u0117l verta apsvarstyti galimyb\u0119 pateikti <em>sealed offers<\/em> ar rimtai apgalvoti \u0161io pasi\u016blymo atsisakymo pasekmes?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Sealed offers<\/em> leid\u017eia ne tik pasiekti taik\u0173 susitarim\u0105 d\u0117l gin\u010do bei \u0161\u012f gin\u010d\u0105 u\u017ebaigti grei\u010diau, bet ir tam tikrais atvejais gali leisti pralaim\u0117jusiai gin\u010do \u0161aliai sutaupyti dal\u012f patirt\u0173 arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laid\u0173. Be to, <em>sealed offers <\/em>pateikimas nekelia rizikos, kad \u0161\u012f pasi\u016blym\u0105 atmetusi \u0161alis gal\u0117s panaudoti <em>sealed offers<\/em> s\u0105lygas kaip \u012frodym\u0105 arbitra\u017eo bylos nagrin\u0117jimo metu. Taip yra tod\u0117l, kad <em>sealed offers<\/em> paprastai arbitra\u017eo teismui ar institucijai teikiami esant arbitra\u017eo proceso atskyrimui \u012f kelis etapus (bifurkacijai): <em>sealed offers<\/em> arbitra\u017eo teismui teikiami po sprendimo d\u0117l esm\u0117s pri\u0117mimo u\u017eantspauduotame (u\u017eklijuotame) voke su u\u017era\u0161u \u201e<em>without prejudice save as to costs<\/em>\u201c. Tok\u012f pat\u012f vok\u0105 gauna ir <em>sealed offer<\/em> gav\u0117ja (kita \u0161alis), kuri gali akceptuoti ar neakceptuoti \u0161io pasi\u016blymo iki to laiko, kol arbitra\u017eo teismas priims arbitra\u017eo sprendim\u0105 d\u0117l esm\u0117s. Taigi, iki kol arbitra\u017eo teismas priims sprendim\u0105 d\u0117l esm\u0117s, jis ne\u017einos <em>sealed offer<\/em> s\u0105lyg\u0173, o kita \u0161alis gal\u0117s \u0161\u012f pasi\u016blym\u0105 akceptuoti ar neakceptuoti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kokios yra <em>sealed offers<\/em> akceptavimo ar neakceptavimo pasekm\u0117s:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Sealed offer <\/em>akceptavimo atveju<\/strong> arbitra\u017eo \u0161alys sudaro taikos sutart\u012f. Taigi savaranki\u0161kai i\u0161sprend\u017eia gin\u010d\u0105 be arbitra\u017eo teismo pagalbos ir (ar) \u012fsiki\u0161imo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Laim\u0117jusiai arbitra\u017e\u0105 \u0161aliai neakceptavus<\/strong> <strong><em>sealed offer<\/em><\/strong>, kuomet pagal arbitra\u017eo sprendim\u0105 d\u0117l esm\u0117s ji <u>gauna daugiau<\/u>, nei nurodyta<em> sealed offer<\/em> s\u0105lygose (pvz., suma, pasi\u016blyta <em>sealed offer, <\/em>yra ma\u017eesn\u0117 u\u017e sum\u0105, priteist\u0105 pagal arbitra\u017eo sprendim\u0105 d\u0117l esm\u0117s), pastaroji neprisiims neigiam\u0173 ir nenauding\u0173 <em>sealed offer<\/em> s\u0105lyg\u0173 neakceptavimo pasekmi\u0173.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Laim\u0117jusiai arbitra\u017e\u0105 \u0161aliai neakceptavus<\/strong> <strong><em>sealed offer<\/em><\/strong>, kuomet pagal arbitra\u017eo sprendim\u0105 d\u0117l esm\u0117s ji <u>gauna ma\u017eiau<\/u>, nei nurodyta<em> sealed offer<\/em> s\u0105lygose (pvz., suma, pasi\u016blyta <em>sealed offer, <\/em>yra didesn\u0117 u\u017e sum\u0105, priteist\u0105 pagal arbitra\u017eo sprendim\u0105 d\u0117l esm\u0117s), laim\u0117jusi arbitra\u017e\u0105 \u0161alis prisiima rizik\u0105, kad arbitra\u017eo teismas gali nukrypti nuo bendro principo <em>loser pays all<\/em> (liet. visas i\u0161laidas privalo padengti byl\u0105 pralaim\u0117jusi \u0161alis) ir perkelti jai kitos arbitra\u017eo \u0161alies patirtas arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laidas, skai\u010diuojant nuo <em>sealed offer<\/em> galiojimo termino pabaigos (kuris nurodytas<em> sealed offer<\/em>). Laim\u0117jusi arbitra\u017e\u0105 \u0161alis gali b\u016bti laikoma neprotinga ir neracionalia, kadangi nepagr\u012fstai atsisak\u0117 nuo galimai palankesni\u0173 jai s\u0105lyg\u0173 bei taip u\u017evilkino arbitra\u017eo proces\u0105 <em>sealed offer<\/em> neakceptavimo atveju.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Praktinis pavyzdys<\/strong>: vienoje ICC arbitra\u017eo byloje tarp pasaulin\u012f \u017einomum\u0105 elektros \u012frangos ir program\u0173 k\u016brimo bendrovi\u0173 <em>NDrive, Navigation Systems S.A. ir LG Electronics Inc.<\/em> arbitra\u017eo teismas vertino <em>sealed offer<\/em> neakceptavimo pasekmes arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laid\u0173 paskirstymui. \u0160ioje byloje NDrive atmet\u0117 LGE 3\u00a0milijon\u0173 USD vert\u0117s <em>sealed offer<\/em>, pateikt\u0105 arbitra\u017eo proceso prad\u017eioje. Arbitra\u017eo teismas, nagrin\u0117damas byl\u0105 d\u0117l esm\u0117s, NDrive priteis\u0117 i\u0161 viso 1\u00a0482\u00a0568,12\u00a0USD plius 26\u00a0424,08\u00a0EUR. Arbitra\u017eo teismas, atsi\u017evelg\u0119s \u012f reik\u0161mingas bylai aplinkybes, pripa\u017eino, kad NDrive <em>sealed offer<\/em> atmetimas buvo nepagr\u012fstas. Teismas nusprend\u0117 perkelti net 75\u00a0% LGE patirt\u0173 arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laid\u0173 NDrive po <em>sealed offer<\/em> galiojimo (akceptavimo) termino pabaigos. I\u0161 viso LGE buvo priteista 445\u00a0821,09\u00a0USD (75\u00a0%) vietoj 594\u00a0428,12\u00a0USD.<\/p>\n<p>Taigi tinkamai apgalvotas ir sura\u0161ytas <em>sealed offer<\/em> yra galingas ginklas, galintis ne tik pad\u0117ti arbitra\u017eo \u0161alims pasiekti taik\u0173 susitarim\u0105, bet ir b\u016bti strateginiu \u017eingsniu bet kuriai arbitra\u017eo \u0161aliai siekiant ateityje perkelti dal\u012f savo patirt\u0173 arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laid\u0173 kitai arbitra\u017eo \u0161aliai.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ar \u012fmanoma pripa\u017einti ir leisti vykdyti Lietuvoje arbitra\u017eo sprendim\u0105, priimt\u0105 <em>sealed offer<\/em> pagrindu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Analizuojant tokio arbitra\u017eo teismo sprendimo pripa\u017einimo ir leidimo vykdyti Lietuvoje klausim\u0105, pirmiausia verta atkreipti d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f tai, kad Lietuvoje yra teism\u0173 praktikos pavyzd\u017ei\u0173, leid\u017eian\u010di\u0173 pripa\u017einti arbitra\u017eo teismo sprendimus esant proceso bifurkacijai. Be to, CPK numato savoti\u0161k\u0105 analogij\u0105, numatan\u010di\u0105, kad Lietuvos teismas turi teis\u0119 i\u0161spr\u0119sti bylin\u0117jimosi i\u0161laid\u0173 paskirstymo klausim\u0105 papildomu sprendimu (CPK 277 str. 1 d. 3 p.). Taigi atskiro arbitra\u017eo teismo sprendimo d\u0117l arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laid\u0173 pri\u0117mimo galimyb\u0117 yra \u017einoma Lietuvos teismams, toks arbitra\u017eo teismo atskiras sprendimas gali b\u016bti pripa\u017eintas ir leistas vykdyti Lietuvoje.<\/p>\n<p>Kitas \u012fdomus praktinis momentas \u2013 ar Lietuvoje pavykt\u0173 pripa\u017einti ir leisti vykdyti tok\u012f atskir\u0105 (ar pagrindin\u012f) arbitra\u017eo teismo sprendim\u0105, priimt\u0105 <em>sealed offer<\/em> pagrindu, kuomet arbitra\u017eo teismas nukrypo nuo principo <em>loser pays all<\/em> bei perk\u0117l\u0117 dal\u012f pralaim\u0117jusios arbitra\u017eo \u0161alies patirt\u0173 arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laid\u0173 laim\u0117jusiai gin\u010d\u0105 \u0161aliai d\u0117l pastarosios <em>sealed offer<\/em> s\u0105lyg\u0173 neakceptavimo? \u0160iuo atveju CPK taip pat numato galim\u0105 atsakym\u0105 \u012f \u0161\u012f klausim\u0105. Lietuvos teismai, remdamiesi CPK 93 str. 4 d., turi diskrecij\u0105 nukrypti nuo principo <em>loser pays all<\/em> bei paskirstyti bylin\u0117jimosi i\u0161laidas atsi\u017evelgdami \u012f tai, ar \u0161ali\u0173 procesinis elgesys buvo tinkamas, ir \u012fvertindami prie\u017eastis, d\u0117l kuri\u0173 susidar\u0117 bylin\u0117jimosi i\u0161laidos. Taigi net ir arbitra\u017eo teismui nukrypus nuo principo <em>loser pays all<\/em> bei perk\u0117lus dal\u012f pralaim\u0117jusios arbitra\u017eo \u0161alies patirt\u0173 arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laid\u0173 gin\u010d\u0105 laim\u0117jusiai \u0161aliai, toks arbitra\u017eo teismo sprendimas savaime neprie\u0161taraut\u0173 Lietuvos Respublikos \u012fstatymams ir gal\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti pripa\u017eintas ir leistas vykdyti Lietuvoje.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I\u0161vada<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Apibendrinant, <em>sealed offer<\/em> yra potenciali priemon\u0117 arbitra\u017eo \u0161aliai ne tik bandyti taikiai susitarti su kita \u0161alimi bei u\u017ebaigti arbitra\u017eo proces\u0105, bet ir bandyti apsisaugoti nuo principo <em>loser pays all<\/em> taikymo jos at\u017evilgiu bei bandyti suma\u017einti galimai jos nenaudai priteist\u0173 arbitra\u017eo i\u0161laid\u0173 dyd\u012f perkeliant dal\u012f \u0161i\u0173 i\u0161laid\u0173 kitai arbitra\u017eo \u0161aliai.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: none;\">Dmitrijus Ma\u010diuginas<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dar prie\u0161 pandemij\u0105 verslo ir teisinink\u0173 bendruomen\u0117 vis daugiau d\u0117mesio skyr\u0117, kad arbitra\u017eo proced\u016bros b\u016bt\u0173 greitesn\u0117s ir veiksmingesn\u0117s. B\u016btent d\u0117l \u0161ios prie\u017easties tarptautiniame arbitra\u017ee atsirado nauja priemon\u0117 \u2013 \u201eU\u017eantspauduoti pasi\u016blymai\u201c (angl. sealed offers). Sealed offer rei\u0161kia vienos arbitra\u017eo \u0161alies pasi\u016blym\u0105 kitai arbitra\u017eo \u0161aliai \u201ewithout prejudice save as to costs\u201c (liet. be prejudicijos, i\u0161skyrus klausimams, susijusiems [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":15397,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1879],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3099],"class_list":["post-12651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-izvalgos","expertise_post-gincu-sprendimas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u201eTerra incognita\u201c tarptautiniame arbitra\u017ee: \u201eu\u017eantspauduoti pasi\u016blymai\u201c | Motieka ir Audzevi\u010dius<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tarptautiniame arbitra\u017ee atsirado nauja priemon\u0117 \u2013 \u201esealed offers\u201c. 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